What Is Causing My Abnormal Bleeding?

What Is Causing My Abnormal Bleeding? Understanding the Signs and What to Do Next 

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. What Is Considered Abnormal Bleeding?
3. Common Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
4. When to Be Concerned
5. Diagnostic Tests for Abnormal Bleeding
6. Treatment Options
7. Tips for Managing Abnormal Bleeding
8. Conclusion

1. Introduction

Abnormal bleeding can be alarming, especially when it happens unexpectedly or outside of your normal menstrual cycle. While occasional irregularities are common, persistent or heavy bleeding may indicate an underlying health issue that requires medical attention. Understanding the possible causes of abnormal bleeding is the first step toward finding relief and restoring balance to your reproductive health.

2. What Is Considered Abnormal Bleeding?

Abnormal bleeding refers to any bleeding from the uterus that differs from your usual menstrual pattern. This may include:

• Bleeding between periods
• Very heavy periods (menorrhagia)
• Bleeding after sex
• Bleeding after menopause
• Periods lasting longer than 7 days
• Spotting or unpredictable cycles

3. Common Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Abnormal bleeding can stem from a variety of physical, hormonal, or medical factors. Common causes include:

a. Hormonal Imbalances

• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Thyroid disorders
• Stress or sudden weight changes
• Perimenopause

Hormones regulate the menstrual cycle, and even small imbalances can disrupt normal bleeding patterns.

b. Uterine Conditions

• Fibroids: Non-cancerous growths in the uterus
• Polyps: Small growths on the uterine lining
• Adenomyosis: Uterine lining grows into the muscular wall
• Endometriosis: Tissue similar to uterine lining grows outside the uterus

These conditions may cause prolonged or heavy periods and pain.

c. Pregnancy-Related Issues

• Miscarriage
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Implantation bleeding
• Placenta previa (in later pregnancy)

Bleeding during pregnancy should always be evaluated by a healthcare provider.

d. Medications

• Birth control pills (especially when first starting or missing doses)
• Blood thinners
• Hormone therapy

Changes to medications can affect the uterine lining and bleeding patterns.

e. Infections or Injury

• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Trauma to the cervix or vagina (often from intercourse)

These may cause spotting, discharge, or bleeding unrelated to your cycle.

f. Cancer

• Uterine, cervical, or vaginal cancers
• Postmenopausal bleeding is a key red flag

Early diagnosis greatly improves outcomes.

4. When to Be Concerned

You should consult a healthcare provider if you experience:

• Bleeding between periods
• Bleeding after menopause
• Very heavy or prolonged periods
• Severe pain during periods
• Bleeding after sex
• Irregular periods for more than three cycles

Seek immediate care if bleeding is accompanied by dizziness, fainting, or severe abdominal pain.

5. Diagnostic Tests for Abnormal Bleeding

Doctors may perform several tests to find the cause, including:

• Pelvic exam
• Pap smear
• Pregnancy test
• Ultrasound
• Endometrial biopsy
• Hormone level tests

These evaluations help pinpoint whether the issue is hormonal, structural, or something more serious.

6. Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the cause but may include:

• Hormonal therapy: Birth control pills, IUDs, or hormone supplements
• Antibiotics: For infections
• Surgery: Removal of fibroids or polyps, endometrial ablation, or hysterectomy
• Lifestyle changes: Managing weight, stress, and exercise
• Iron supplements: If bleeding has caused anemia

7. Tips for Managing Abnormal Bleeding

• Track your cycles using a period app or journal
• Note the flow, duration, and any unusual symptoms
• Maintain a balanced diet and manage stress
• Stay hydrated, especially during heavy bleeding
• Follow up with your doctor regularly

Being proactive helps you detect patterns and report symptoms accurately

8. Conclusion     

Abnormal bleeding is not something to ignore. While it can sometimes be harmless, it may also signal underlying health issues that need attention. By understanding the possible causes and seeking medical guidance early, you can take control of your reproductive health and find a solution that works for you.

Dr.Ifrah Hassan Hilaac